会痛的十七岁

超800名科技领袖联合呼吁：停止研发超级智能_我的网站

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一 | 本文来自微信公众号：财联社（ID：cailianpress），作者：黄君芝包括苹果联合创始人史蒂夫·沃茲尼克（Steve Wozniak）和维珍集团董事长理查·布兰森（Richard Branson）在内的800多名知名人士，近日签署了一份公开声明，要求立即停止超级智能的开发。 Ohio residents this week began voting on a constitutional amendment whose fate will ultimately determine abortion access in the state.Voters are considering two ballot initiatives; ballots began being accepted on Wednesday and go through Election Day on Nov. 7.The two measures are: Issue 1, the amendment that if approved would add abortion rights to the state constitution; and Issue 2, which would legalize recreational marijuana.The proposed abortion amendment would establish an "individual right to one's own reproductive medical treatment including but not limited to abortion" and then creates legal protections for those individuals, among other guarantees like for contraception and fertility treatment.The marijuana measure, if passed, would make Ohio the 24th state to legalize cannabis and would allow adults 21 years and older to buy and possess up to 2.5 ounces of flower and 15 grams of extract.In August, Ohio voters resoundingly rejected a contentious, Republican-backed ballot measure that would have raised the threshold for future changes to the state constitution -- an effort that would have specifically made it more difficult for the abortion amendment to pass.When the U.S. Supreme Court struck down its previous Roe v. Wade ruling, in 2022, the justices returned the question of abortion access to individual states. Since then, while some states have largely ceased abortion access, others have taken up ballot measures that put the question before voters. In those cases -- in both red and blue states so far -- voters have rejected the potential for abortion restrictions and bans or elected to expand access.On Sept. 27, the Ohio Supreme Court started hearing arguments about the state's six-week abortion ban, which was previously put on hold by a lower court.The success or failure of the abortion ballot measure could render that case moot, if state voters add abortion access to their constitution.Both sides have built up mobilization efforts over the past few weeks -- knocking on doors, canvassing and hosting rallies across the state."Whether you're pro-life or pro-choice, Issue 1 just goes too far," Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine, a Republican, said at a recent event at the Ohio GOP's headquarters.Ohio Democrats claimed last week to have been inching toward 100,000 doors knocked and more than 100,000 calls made in the time since their win in the August special election."We're not leaving anything behind as we work to protect women's rights to choose and prevent Ohio's extreme abortion ban from taking effect," Ohio Democratic Chairwoman Elizabeth Walters said during a recent press briefing.There's also been significant financial investment in the race. According to numbers from AdImpact released last week, $12.3 million had been spent or reserved in advertising around the abortion ballot measure, with anti-amendment groups outspending amendment supporters by about $1.6 million.

The two sides make their arguments

Both Ohioans United for Reproductive Rights, a coalition of groups supporting abortion rights, and allied Ohio Democrats have sounded the alarm on what they claim to be foul play by opponents of the abortion amendment.Last month, the state Supreme Court allowed the Republican-controlled Ohio Ballot Board -- which is overseen by Secretary of State Frank LaRose, who is also running for the U.S. Senate -- to use amendment language that includes the phrase "unborn child."Democrats on the board had asked for measure's language to remain what was on the petition that voters originally signed, which did not include that term.Amendment supporters have argued it was rewritten to confuse voters and is misleading about what the measure would actually do."They're running scared because they know their extreme abortion ban is wildly unpopular, and Ohio voters support a woman's right to make medical decisions for themselves without interference from politicians," Walters, with the state Democrats, said during a recent press call.Abortion opponents have also attempted to broaden the stakes of the proposal, arguing that it "goes far beyond" codifying the protections of Roe v. Wade to potentially affect parents' rights and "threaten the freedom of conscience of Ohio's healthcare professionals and preclude ... the enactment and enforcement of commonsense, protective laws," as Protect Women Ohio, one of the leading organizations fighting against the amendment, wrote in a memo."The Abortion Amendment victimizes rather than protects and empowers women and girls," they continued.LaRose, a leading voice against the measure, said in a statement to ABC News that "as a father and someone who's always stood up to protect life, I'll be working to defeat this radical measure."。

二 | “超级智能”是指在所有领域超越人类认知能力的人工智能系统。这个史无前例的联合声明警告称，超越人类智能的人工智能（AI）系统带来了从经济崩溃到人类灭绝的风险。该声明等同于直接向OpenAI、Meta和其他科技巨头正在大肆鼓吹的AI模型竞赛“泼了一盆冷水”，可能成为AI行业的一个重大转折点。

三 | 据悉，这份联合声明的签名名单包含了世界上最有影响力的科技领袖、科学家和公众人物，甚至就连被广泛认为是现代人工智能教父的约书亚·班吉欧（Yoshua Bengio）和杰佛瑞·辛顿（Geoffrey Hinton）也在其中。 “超级智能的前景已经引起了人们的关注，其影响从人类经济的落伍和权力的剥夺，自由、公民权力、尊严和控制权的丧失，到国家安全风险，甚至可能导致人类灭绝，”签名者用直言不讳的语言警告说。这不仅仅是学术上的绝望。就在这份请愿书发布之际，Meta将其人工智能部门更名为“Meta超级智能实验室”（Meta Superintelligence Labs），而OpenAI和马斯克（Elon Musk）的xAI则陷入了一场越来越公开的竞赛，看谁能首先实现人工通用智能。但这些行业资深人士却在此时呼吁“踩刹车”，希望不要发展太快。不仅如此，这份联合声明签名者名单的覆盖范围远远超出了硅谷。

四 | 前国家安全顾问Susan Rice和前参谋长联席会议主席Mike Mullen都签名支持，这表明了对国家安全的严重担忧。甚至连英国王妃梅根·马克尔也出现在名单上，与特朗普的盟友史蒂夫·班农和格林·贝克一起——这种政治团结实属罕见。加州大学伯克利分校（UC Berkeley）的Stuart Russell是一位领先的人工智能安全研究员，多年来一直在对超级智能发出警告，他帮助组织了这项工作。根据他之前的研究，挑战不在于人类能否建立超级智能系统，而是一旦它们存在，人类能否控制它们。该声明呼吁全面禁止超级智能的发展，“直到公众强烈支持并达成广泛的科学共识，即它可以安全可控地进行。这是一个很高的标准，它可能会有效地冻结当前人工智能开发的时间表。” 这份联合声明与此前任何相关警告都不同，这里面的许多人都并非来自“外界”，恰恰相反，他们是建立了今天的人工智能能力的研究人员和企业家。当班吉欧和辛顿之类的顶级科学家——他们的工作使现代大型语言模型得以实现——说“踩刹车”时，整个行业很可能会认真思考。